Africas Slow Growth And Development Politics Essay

Africas Slow Growth And Development Politics Essay This paper examines the causes of slow growth and development of Africa with emphasis on some selected countries. The paper argued on the basis of Madison’s (1995:65) estimates of per capital Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) for a sample of countries that, during the first half of the century, Africa had grown considerably more rapidly than Asia. By 1950, the African sample had overtaken the Asian sample. In the 1960s, Africa’s future looked bright, especially that the continent was gradually disengaging from the bondage of colonial imperialism. But today, Africa is the poorest continent in the world. While there has been a steady growth in countries of Asia, such as Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, African states have lagged behind. Why is African development growing slowly? What went wrong in Africa? How can these problems be solved? This paper attempts to provide answers to some of the fundamental issues that have bedeviled the continent in the 21st century. In order to assess the level of growth and development in the continent, the concepts of ‘growth and development’ is critically examined within the confines of Africa in the paper. The paper attributed the slow growth and development of Africa to ‘Internal influences and external dimensions’. At the same time, the paper provides some plausible suggestions that would serve as a panacea to the problems militating against the growth and development of Africa. Introduction From what direction should one view the slow growth and development of Africa: is it from the perspective of bad leadership couple with wide spread corruption? Or is it that of policy failure, or geographic and demographic factors? Africa as well as the rest of the world is battling with this provocative question: Why does Africa continue to lag behind the rest of the world in terms of social and economic development? Mathew Paris writing in Times August (2002), believes the answer to the co ntinent’s development problem lies in four simple words: †swagger, Indolence, self indulgence and hot air †he points out †failure of leadership, the individual means that what is created or started is not maintained. Further more, it has also been argued that after 1960, particularly when majority of the countries in the continent gained political freedom, the potential of governments were not responsive to the people’s needs, aspirations and wishes, Mathew Parris (2002). The dream were shattered due to bad leadership, corruption, wars, poverty and eventually, economic underdevelopment. Could this entire unfortunate phenomenon be considered as factors militating against the growth and development of Africa? In terms of structure and for the purpose of understanding and clarity of the main thrust of this article, we have divided the paper into four parts. The first part focuses on the interpretation and application of the terms ‘growth and develo pment’ as concepts of analysis. It is necessary to understand that the two concepts were used based on what the paper takes them to be. Perhaps the greatest weakness in the literature of social sciences is striking lack of precision with which terms are used and under the conditions they are studied. However, a clear distinction between growth and development is explained in this part. The second part discusses African perspective. The rich complex of minerals, ecological hung provided by the continent, the continent’s archeological sites and the richness of African culture and its contribution to global community is captured in the first part. The third part investigates the causes of the slow growth and development in Africa. On this part different explanations were presented to justify the strength of points on the topic under review. However, few examples of some selected countries were cited. The fourth part poses a fundamental question: whether or not Africa will ever grow and develop? Perhaps, this is the greatest challenge to African leaders in the 21st century whose time has come. While the final section concentrates on the concluding remarks. This part provides some plausible suggestions that would change the predicaments in Africa, at least if not all, some parts of it.

Essay Prpposal and Annotated Bibliography Research Proposal

Essay Prpposal and Annotated Bibliography - Research Proposal Example Tom and Maggie, the main characters chose different ways to fight against past (time) but their fight become futile under the flow of time. The Novel begins with the early life of the heroine, Maggie Tulliver and ends with the death of Maggie and her brother Tom, in a flood on the river Floss. The plot of the novel is quite slow moving but it helps to have an accurate measurement of time. The river Floss itself represents time, which is endless and ever flowing. The past haunts Tulliver family with Mr. Tulliver’s death, family crises, bankruptcy, and loss of the Mill etc. Tom is more practical than Maggie. But Maggie wasted her intellectual aptitude in her socially isolated state and she embraced intense spirituality. The death in flood denotes the end of time and the novel. The strong bond of love between brother and sister signifies ever flowing time. The series of events in the life of Tom and Maggie force them to struggle against death, the point of no return. George Eliot points out that: (â€Å"And every man and women mentioned in this history was still living† (Eliot 591) the story of Tulliver family ends with the death of Tom and Maggie but history never ends. The ever flowing river Floss or time is represented as the force that is capable to determine the destiny of Tulliver family. So, the ways that time is measured and marked in the novel helps to connect the present state to past and future. George Eliot use time to measure the development of the story and it leads to the last conflict and doom of Tom and Maggie. The time is marked and measured and this helps the reader to have a clear idea cyclic procedure of time, i.e. nature. Moreover, time unveils the past of Tulliver family and leads the important characters to their destiny. The Journal Article by George Eliot, Theodor Storm and John T. Krumpelmann, namely â€Å"George Eliots The Mill on

Review on Two Paintings of Monet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review on Two Paintings of Monet - Essay Example The essay "Review on Two Paintings of Monet" discusses two paintings of the famous artist Claude Monet. In 1922, he lost the ability to see from his right eye and gradually the vision from his left eye was fading as well. The next year, 1923, a friend of Monet’s talked him into getting a surgery done. As a result of the surgery, Monet could see from his right eye with the help of green spectacles which were not very common and were designed for him after which he started painting again. The two paintings are part of a series. Both are paintings of his house in Giverny as seen from his Rose Garden. They are oil on canvas paintings and are an example of the outcome of the operation and he could draw by seeing from either the left eye only of the right one. The originals are exhibited in Musà ©e Marmottan, Paris, France. The subject of both of these paintings is Monet’s house in Giverny. The first painting is the view of his house from the rose garden. He started painting it in 1922 and finished it in 1924. It’s classified as a landscape painting. In this painting Monet is drawing by looking from his left eye, which was suffering from cataract and everything appeared to him in shades of yellow. The sky appeared yellow. The surroundings were different shades of red. The second painting is the view of his house from the rose garden as well. Like the first one, he started painting it in 1922 and finished it in 1924. It’s also classified as a landscape painting. It’s classified as a landscape painting.

US Government - Checks And Balances :: Political Science Government Essays

US Government - Checks And Balances "There is no more important function for all of government to define the rights of its citizens." (Norman Dorsen) In this essay I will give a short history of the government in United States of America (U.S.). Then I will describe each of the three branches of government in the U.S. and the relationship between them. In principle, the U.S. is a democratic republic, they govern themselves by choosing their leaders by secret ballot, and these leaders in turn make the rules. Americans started "governing themselves" as a nation on July 4th, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia by representatives of the thirteen British colonies in North America. These states joined together formally in 1781 under a first "constitution," the Articles of Confederation. That loose union of the states was replaced by the Constitution of the U.S. in 1789. This document (amended 26 times) is still the political foundation of the U.S. Being based on a written constitution, the U.S. government is committed in principle to the rule of law. To guarantee the rights of free speech, a free press, freedom of religion etc. the first ten amendments, called the "Bill of Rights" were adopted in 1791. There are three levels of government in the U.S. Local government (city/county), state government, and federal government. Here I will pay most attention to the federal government. Many of the concepts of the U.S. government can be traced to progressive thinkers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, e.g. Locke, Spinoza, Blackstone, and Montesquiueu. Out of some of their thoughts the U.S. government system with the three branches were made: A legislative branch (Congress), an Executive branch (President), and a judicial branch (Supreme Court). The Constitution is most of all a document of checks and balances: among the three branches of the federal government; and between the levels of government, nation and state. The legislative branch (Congress) that has the power to make laws valid for the whole country. Powers like the regulation of taxes, regulation of commerce between the states and with foreign countries, the power to declare war, and the power to impeach the President are some of the other matters the legislative branch have to deal with. Congress has two chambers (or "houses"): the Senate and the House of Representatives ("the house"). The Senate consists of one hundred senators: Two senators from each of the fifty states.

Calorimeter Process

1. IntroductionThe study as a survey for nozzle operated under force per unit area difference from 0.1 to 10 bars. Under this specification the study discuss the following point.The factor impacting on the nozzle efficiencyApplication in natural gasConsequence of nozzle efficiency on the quality of burning and how the quality of burning could be enhanced1.1. DefinitionThe nose defined as: device puting in the flow way to accomplish alteration in force per unit area, temperature and the speed besides it can specify as an mechanical device designed to accomplish commanding procedure on the way or feature of the fuel flow as it exits or entry it can take the form of an closed chamber or pipe via an opening. Mention: http//www.Engineeringtoolbox.com 1- Pressure We con notice that when the fluids flow through the nose as the force per unit area increased the discharge rate besides increased and all other factor remains changeless. The relationship between the force per unit area and discharge from a nozzle issue is A cardinal equation. The theoretical discharge from any nose Given by the following relation. Flow rate = CA ( 2gh ) 5 C Means the dimensionless coefficient for the peculiar nose in inquiry. A Means the country of the nozzle opening. h- Means the force per unit area caput applied to the nose. G Means the acceleration of gravitation. As the force per unit area acts in the nozzle issue it straight affect to the watercourse of fuel.let us compare in the below figure between the gas watercourse with different force per unit area.1- Differential force per unit area flow metresIn instance of the differential force per unit area bead this device used to cipher the flow by mensurating the force per unit area bead over an obstructor inserted in the flow. The chief thought of the differential force per unit area flow metre is based on the Bernoulli equation. These achieved by mensurating force per unit area bead signal as map of square flow velocity. p1 + 1/2? v12 = p2 + 1/2? v22 The most common types of differential force per unit area flow metres are a- Orifice home base With the utilizing of the opening home base, the fluid flow is measured through the difference in force per unit area from the upstream side to the downstream side. As demoing in figure 1: this procedure used in instance when dont needs for high truth. b- Venturi tubing Its best used in our instance because this setup used in instance of low force per unit area bead between the recess and the mercantile establishment of nose. In the Venturi tubing application the flow rate is measured by cut downing the cross subdivision flow country in the way of the fluid flow After the constricted country, the fluid passes through the force per unit area recovery subdivision. When up to 80 % of the differential force per unit area generated at the constricted country, is recovered with proper instrument and flow calibrating. The venture tubing flow can be less to about 10 per centum of its full graduated table scope with proper truth. c- Flow nose The flow nose are frequently used as measuring elements for gas flow application When the gas accelerated through the nose, the speed addition and the force per unit area so the gas denseness decreased and the maximal speed done in the pharynx subdivision. – Recovery of force per unit area bead in openings, noses and venture metres After the force per unit area difference has been generated in the differential flow metre. The fluid passing during the force per unit area recovery subdivision. By agencies where the differential force per unit area generated at the constricted country is partially recovered2- Variable country flow metreThe rotameter composed of an vertically glass tubing with big terminal in the top subdivision of the chief organic structure of the rotameter and metering float which it free move. when the fluid flow causes the float rise in the tubing and use the relation of I† P = H * g * P Where I† P =pressure difference between recess and mercantile establishment H = float entering P = fluid denseness 3- Velocity flowmeters In this procedure the flow calculated by mensurating the velocity and cipher the force per unit area difference from the following relation p1 p2 = 1/2 P ( v22- P v12 ) 4- Pitot tubings The Pitot tubing are one the most used in air flow measuring. The chief thought for its operation is in step the fluid speed by change overing the kinetic energy to possible energy. 5- Calorimetric flowmeter This device rule for fluid flow measuring is based on two temperature detectors in close contact with the fluid but thermic insulated from each other. one of the two detectors is contactly heated so there are temperature difference between the measuring of the two detectors. 5-turbine flowmeter 6-vortex flowmeter 7-electromagnetic flowmeter 8-ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter 9-positive supplanting flowmeter 10-mass flowmeters 11-thermal flowmeter 12-open channel flowmeterCalorimetric operation theoryThe chief thought for the operation theory of the calorimetric flowmeter based on measurings for the temperature before and after the nose by utilizing two detector and change overing this difference to signal translated by the use of the gage indexs. When the fluid flow start go throughing into the nose the heat energy is drawn from the heated detector and the temperature difference is straight relative to the fluid flow rate through the noseAdvantages and disadvantages of calorimetric flowmeterAdvantages Disadvantages 1-high truth at minimal flow rate 1-costs 2- In general lower thermic conduction require higher speed for proper measuring. 2-appear cavitations in high velocity 3-easy in its operation procedure 3-normally operates at low scope 4-High repeatability 4-low noisy factor 5- high dynamic response 6-high sensitiveness 7-small dimension ( portable )Lab applicationCalorimetric provides two types of informations. The first type is measuring of the heat capacities. This leads to values of the standard information St, the heat content ( or heat content ) HT- HS. And the heat contents and the informations of rapid stage alterations ( merger, vaporisation, polymorphism ) of a individual stuff. the 2nd type of measuring of heats of chemical reaction ( formation from the elements or the oxides, comparatively stableness of viing stage gatherings, blending in solid and liquids solutions ) either by direct reaction or through a thermchemical rhythm such as is involved. Second application for the nose in the calorimeter is to spray the natural gas to fire it inside the burning chamber. The following figure show illustration for burner noses.1-Fuel belongingss and the effects of spraysOur fuel used in the calorimeter is the natural gas which takes the name of isooctane ( C2H6 ) and it has the following microstructureTemperatureThe temperature difference between the recess and the mercantile establishment of the nose besides impacting on the nozzle public presentation this achieved by when the temperature increased this straight set uping on the fuel belongingss specially in its viscousness so in the crude oil applications for the high viscousness sometimes used heating procedure for the fuel before way through the nose.Surface TensionThe Surface tenseness in natural is the inclination of the surface of the liquid to undertaking with the smallest possible country. The consequence is usually similar to the tegument environing the organic structure of t he liquid and drawing it into the form, which will hold the least sum of the surface country. That form is spherical form. Surface tensenessNatural of flowThe natural of fluid flow through the nozzle consequence on its public presentation.for illustration in instance of laminar flow the public presentation of the nose will be better than in instance of turbulent flow. In instance of found a caput it besides affect in the nozzle public presentation.Cleaning NozzlesIn instance of utilizing fluids incorporating slatterns and other dusts it concentrated in the chief organic structure of the nose which affect on the nozzle way that cut down the flow rate through the nose which affect on its public presentation.– Spray FormsThe Nozzles used for oil burners are provided in two different general types of spray forms, excavate cone and solid cone. These are illustrated in the below Figure. It will be noted in these illustrations that the hollow cone is a spray in which the concentration of droplets is at the outer border of the spray with small or no fuel in the centre of the spray versus the other type of sprays which leads to an failing in the public presentation of the nose.Performance bettermentThe efficiency of the nozzle depending on several factors it concentrated onType of sprayer and nose of designThe per centum of air to fuel ratioSpark me thod from warmers to utilize the flicker ignition engineering.Percentage of C on the fuelSo in the following subdivision we discuss these factors which it can impact on the nozzle public presentation 1- Flammability ( firing start ) The classical method for illuming the calorimeter is fiting it is non efficient so that we improve the nozzle public presentation from this side by utilizing the flicker ignition engineering. This flicker ignition working depending on supplying it with fixed electromotive force from battery to be able acquire the initial flicker to get down the combustion procedure * The flicker ignition which get the initial flicker to the instrument acquire its power connected by wire ( 3mm ) which connected besides to battery with 12 Vs.2- Fuel to air ratioIn the theory of the stoichiometric mixture has merely plenty air to wholly fire burn the available fuel. In natural this is ne'er rather achieved, due chiefly to the really short clip available in the internal burning chamber for each burning rhythm. Most of this burning procedure completes in about 4-5 msecs. This is the clip that elapses from when the flicker is fired until the combustion procedure completed. The Air fuel ratio is the most common mention term used for mixtures in internal burning engines It is the ratio between the mass of air and the mass of fuel in the fuel-air mix at any given minute For pure natural gas the stoichiometric mixture is about 14.7:1 or? of 1.00 precisely 3-to make a window from the top to see the fire from inside alternatively of opening the system each clip. We must utilize material Cleary to see out from it and work under force per unit area 10 saloon { m C_2H_6 } + frac { 7 } { 2 } { m O_2 } ightarrow 2 { m CO_2 } + 3 { m H_2O } Equivalent ratio The equality ratio of a system is defined as the ratio of the fuel-to-oxidizer ratio to the stoichiometric fuel-to-oxidizer ratio. Mathematically phi = frac { mbox { fuel-to-oxidizer ratio } } { ( mbox { fuel-to-oxidizer ratio } ) _ { st } } = frac { m_ { fuel } /m_ { ox } } { ( m_ { fuel } /m_ { ox } ) _ { st } } = frac { n_ { fuel } /n_ { ox } } { ( n_ { fuel } /n_ { ox } ) _ { st } } 4-carbon per centum in the fuel Natural gas is an highly of import beginning of energy for cut downing pollution and keeping a clean and healthy environment. In add-on to being a domestically abundant and unafraid beginning of energy, the usage of natural gas besides offers a figure of environmental benefits over other beginnings of energy, peculiarly other fossil fuels. This subdivision will discourse the environmental effects of natural gas, in footings of emanations every bit good as the environmental impact of the natural gas industry itself. Scroll down, or chink on the links below to be transported in front.DecisionThe study is an probe to depict the calorimeter procedure and the system operation with the nozzle public presentation and the method to better its public presentation. So the chief aims from the study are To understand the basic rule of calorimeter and its necessity in technology to look into different types of calorimeters. The advantages and disadvantages utilizing these calorimeters in the technology lab environment.Mentions1- hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pro-techsolutionsltd.com/PDF/flownozzle.pdf 2- www.EngineeringToolBox.com 3- www.flowmeterdirectory.co.uk/flowmeter_calorimetric.html 4- www.webersensorsinc.com/glossary.html 5- S. Sosin, C. Moldovan, R. Iosub ; Designing and fabrication of a calorimetric micro-sensor for methane sensing, CAS International Semiconductor Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, 2004, pp. 381 384. 6- www.bioline.org.br/pdf? se08021 7-R. Mohan Kumar, R. Muraliddharan, D. Rajan Babu, K. V. Rajendiran, R. Jayavel, D. Jayaraman, and P.Ramasamy, J. Cryst. Growth 229, 568 ( 2001 ) . 8-K. Meera, R. Muralidharan, R. Jeyavel, and P. Ramasamy, J. Cryst. Growth 263, 510 ( 2004 ) .

Relationship Between Support Of Same Sex Marriage

The Relationship Between Support of Same-Sex Marriage and Religion Theresa Lonetti Professor Arshad Ali August 14, 2015 Quite recently on June 26th, 2015 the U.S. Supreme Court decided that same-sex marriage is a constitutional right that must be legalized and upheld in all 50 states. Previous to this decision thirteen states had same-sex marriage bans in place, and eight more were awaiting appeals to overturn legislation banning same-sex marriage bans. That makes 21 states out of 50 that do not support same-sex marriage. In preparation for the likely decision by the Supreme Court states like Michigan passed laws banning public figures like judges from officiating marriages forcing anyone seeking that†¦show more content†¦If these statements are proven to be true, then there is a direct relationship between support for gay marriage and the level of a person’s religiosity. A Literature Review of the Correlation between Support for Same Sex Marriage and Religiosity There is still division and debate by academics, government officials, and American citizens on whether or not same sex marriage is a constitutional right, even with the recent decision by the Supreme Court. America is divided and often times religion is used to explain away this division as the root cause of opposition to same-sex marriage. In this still developing field, there is disagreement on the factors that define support or lack thereof for gay marriage. The objective of this paper is to present the foundational literature on the subject of same-sex marriage and explain some of the alternative explanations to lack of support of gay marriage. The research seeks to add to the current body of knowledge by helping to enforce the relationship between support for gay marriage and the religiosity of an individual, with the ultimate goal of proving that there is a relationship and it is a ne gative one. According to the research of many academics in this field, the issue of same-sex marriage is still at the forefront of politics in this country today, and many state legislatures and citizens have voted or are voting on laws

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